Lymphatics and their Fundamental Pump Mechanism

Skalak, T.C., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W., Zweifach, B.W.: New morphological evidence for a mechanism of lymph formation in skeletal muscle. Microvasc. Res., 28:, 95-112, 1984.

Zweifach, B.W., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: Pressure flow relationships in lymphatics. In: Experimental Biology of the Lymphatic Circulation. (edited by M.G. Johnson), Chapter 3, Elsevier Science Publ. B.V., pp. 45-79, 1985.

Skalak, T.C., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W., Zweifach, B.W.: Lymph transport in skeletal muscle. In: Tissue Nutrition and Viability. (edited by A.R. Hargens), Springer-Verlag, pp. 243-262, 1986.

Mazzoni, M.C., Skalak, T.C., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: The structure of lymphatic valves in the spinotrapezius muscle of the rat. Blood Vessels, 24: 204-312, 1987.

Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: What causes initial lymphatics to expand and compress to form lymph fluid? In: Progress in Lymphology-XII, Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Lymphology, held in Tokyo, Kyoto, Japan, M. Nishi, S. Uchino, S.Yabuki (eds), Excerpta Medica, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, pp127-130, 1990.

Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: Microlymphatics and Lymph Flow. Physiol. Reviews, 70:987-1028, 1990.

Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: Mechanisms causing initial lymphatics to expand and compress to promote lymph flow. Arch. Histol. Cyto. 53:107-114, 1990.

Mazzoni, M.C., Skalak, T.C., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: Effects of skeletal muscle fiber deformation on lymphatic volume. Am. J. Physiol., 259:H1860-H1868, 1990.

Schmid-Schönbein, G.W., Ikomi, F.: Biomechanics of lymph transport. In: Biological Flow. Jaffrin, M.Y., Caro, C., eds., Plenum Press, New York, pp. 353-360, 1995.

Schmid-Schönbein, G.W., Zweifach, B.W.: Fluid pump mechanisms in initial lymphatics. News in Physiol. Sci. 9: 67-71, 1994.

Ikomi, F., Hanna, G., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: Mechanisms of colloidal particle uptake into the lymphatics system: Basic study with percutaneous lymphography. Radiology, 196:107-113, 1995.

Ikomi, F., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: Lymph transport in the skin. Clinics in Dermatology, Elsevier Science Inc. Vol 13, No.5, pp 419-427, 1995.

Ikomi, F., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: Lymph pump mechanics in the rabbit hind leg. Am. J. Physiol., 271: H173 - H183, 1996.

Ikomi, F., Hunt, J., Hanna, G., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: Interstitial fluid, protein, colloid and leukocyte uptake into initial lymphatics. J. Appl. Physiol. 81:2060-2067, 1996.

Ikomi, F. , Zweifach, B.W., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: Fluid pressures in the rabbit popliteal afferent lymphatics during passive tissue motion. Lymphology, 30:13-23, 1997.

Higuchi, M., Fokin, A., Masters, T.N., Robicsec, F., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: Transport of colloidal particles in lymphatics and vasculature after subcutaneous injection. J. Appl. Physiol., 86, 1381-1387, 1999.

Ikomi, F., Hanna, G.K., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: Size- and surface-dependent uptake of colloidal particles into the lymphatic system. Lymphology, 32:90-102, 1999.

Hargens, A.R., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: Mechanics of tissue and lymphatic transport. IN: The Biomedical Engineering Handbook. Chapter 34. 2nd Edition, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton , Florida, 1999, pp 34-1 - 34-14.

Trzewik, J., Mallipattu, S.R., Artmann, G. M., DeLano, F.A., Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.: Evidence for a second valve system in lymphatics: Endothelial microvalves. FASEB J., 15:1711-1717, 2001.



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